Retirement Financial Planning: Considerations

Proper Estate Planning Can Help Save Your Heirs Time and Heartache

Another consideration for your retirement financial planning is to think about how you want to eventually distribute your retirement savings. Specifying what will happen to your estate after you pass away can help give your loved ones peace of mind when they need it most. If you pass away without a will, living trust or other estate-planning document, the court system may be responsible for dividing your estate and deciding who will receive your assets.

Insufficient financial retirement advice—or worse, none at all—can be stressful for families. Though it may take some forethought and paperwork now, you and your beneficiaries benefit if you have a clearly defined plan that aligns with your goals. You can start the process as early as you like.

There are many ways to design and implement your estate plan. The best way for you largely depends on your individual situation. You could use a financial advisor, retirement financial planner or someone who specializes in estate planning. Whoever it is, you can get a head start by thinking about a few things:

• How much money do you want to pass on?
• How will your assets transfer upon death?
• This typically happens through a will, trust or beneficiary designation.
• When should the transfer take place?

Insurance Can Help Pay for Retirement Expenses

Life insurance and long-term care insurance are important topics to consider when planning your retirement. You may want life insurance to provide for a spouse or children in the event of your death. Or you may want long-term care insurance in case you suffer a long-term illness to ensure no serious financial burden falls on your loved ones. Or you may want both!

Many types of life insurance exist to fit your individual needs, ranging from simple and inexpensive to complex and expensive. Exhibit 2 details a few options you might consider.

Exhibit 2: Types of Life Insurance

Long-term care insurance can also be an important retirement financial planning option for you to consider. You could end up with a disability or health issue in the later stages of life that requires long-term care assistance. Medicare and health insurance may not cover all of your future care costs. Long-term care costs pose a significant out-of-pocket expense, and absent insurance or another means to pay for these costs, you may risk running out of money before you intend to.

Here are some factors to consider when determining whether long-term care insurance is right for you:

• Can you afford future care costs out of pocket?
• What exactly does your policy cover?
• Will your benefits keep pace with inflation?
• What are your policy’s benefit triggers and waiting periods?

Long-term care insurance may or may not be appropriate for you. Carefully consider your personal financial needs when evaluating whether these insurance options are right for you. You may have a spouse or relative able to provide care for you in later years, or you may not need long-term care at all during your retirement years.

Don’t Forget About Social Security Income

If you are eligible for Social Security, deciding when to start receiving benefits is another important retirement financial planning consideration. The longer you wait to receive benefits, the more benefits you receive. You may begin receiving benefits as early as age 62, but your benefits will be permanently reduced by a certain percentage for each month below your full retirement age. Your full retirement age depends on your birth year and currently ranges between 65 and 67 years old. If you are still working and don’t need the extra money, it’s likely a disadvantage to begin taking Social Security benefits—not only due to the permanent reduction of benefits, but also because you are more likely to be taxed, depending on your income level.

If you can delay taking benefits until your full retirement age, you can receive your full benefit amount. What’s more, the longer you wait, up until age 70, your benefits may increase. If you are able to begin taking your benefits at your full retirement age or later, the difference in payments can make a significant impact in meeting your income needs and expectations in retirement.

While waiting to take Social Security benefits can increase the amount you receive, doing so will cause you to miss out on payments. All else being equal, waiting can be beneficial for people who expect to live longer than the government’s life-expectancy estimates, while taking your benefits earlier can be beneficial for people who anticipate a shorter life expectancy.

Steady Income in Retirement Is Essential

How much money do you expect to receive from all your sources of income and cash flow after you retire? First, note that income and cash flow aren’t the same. Income is money received (e.g., employment, stock dividends, bond coupon payments). Cash flow is money withdrawn from your portfolio after selling a stock or other security, which for most is a very important component of a retirement financial planning strategy.

When planning how to fund your desired retirement lifestyle, you should include investments, pensions, retirement accounts, annuity payouts and Social Security benefits. Some income sources, such as pensions, may pay out a specified amount each month. Other income sources, such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), can allow for more flexible withdrawals. Consider what forms of income and withdrawals you may need throughout your retirement. Additionally, be aware of any required minimum distributions. These may be applicable to some or all of your retirement accounts.

We suggest you first calculate all of the income you generate without relying on your investment portfolio. The most common categories of non-investment income include:

• Job salary
• Pension
• Social security
• Real Estate

After calculating your non-investment income, you can then calculate any additional income you may need from your investment portfolio. More on how you should think about portfolio withdrawals is ahead. Here are a few common sources of investment income you might consider using in retirement:

• Selling stock
• Bond coupons
• Stock dividends
• REITs
• Annuities

It’s wise to diversify your income sources so you don’t put all of your eggs in one basket. Some of the income sources we’ve just covered may be applicable, but it can be overwhelming to figure out which is right for you. That’s where a skilled retirement financial planning advisor can help.

Personal income taxes and capital gains taxes can have an impact on your investments and retirement income. Keep in mind that different income source or types of accounts may have different tax treatments. For example, Roth IRA withdrawals are treated differently than traditional IRA withdrawals. Retirement income taxation can be complicated, so you should consult with a tax adviser for your specific situation.

Portfolio Withdrawals During Retirement

If you rely fully or in part on portfolio withdrawals to support your retirement, you need to know how much you can take without risking premature portfolio depletion. In general, we believe it’s prudent to keep your annual portfolio withdrawals to no more than 5%.

Many investors assume since stocks' average annual return is roughly 10%, it’s okay to withdraw 10% each year without reducing principal. However, this approach will likely jeopardize your retirement lifestyle. Yes, historical average annualized stock returns are around 10% over time, but the key word is "average." In any given year, stock returns can be higher or lower than 10%, sometimes by a lot.

If you take too much money during a market downturn, your risk of premature portfolio depletion substantially increases. For example, if your portfolio is down 20% and you take a 10% distribution, you will need about a 39% gain just to get back to the initial value.

Exhibits 3 and 4 show two hypothetical scenarios to help illustrate how certain withdrawal rates can impact a $1,000,000 portfolio. These scenarios are adjusted for inflation to maintain initial purchasing power. Each scenario considers a 30-year time horizon—a reasonable time horizon if you’re a pre-retiree or newly retired investor.

The first shows 10% annual withdrawals ($100,000) and the second shows 3% annual withdrawals ($30,000). As shown, 10% annual withdrawals, regardless of asset allocation, significantly increase the likelihood you’ll run out of money during retirement.

Conversely, 3% withdrawals easily support retirement income and also increase the chance your portfolio is higher at the end of your retirement period relative to where it began. A good thing if you want to leave assets to your heirs.

Exhibit 3: Hypothetical 10% Portfolio Withdrawals²

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Exhibit 4: Hypothetical 3% Portfolio Withdrawals⁴

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Discretionary and Non-Discretionary Spending

Another investing trade-off you should consider is between discretionary (nice to have) and non-discretionary (must have) spending.

Non-discretionary spending isn’t something you have a lot of control over. Examples include living expenses, debt, taxes and insurance/health care. After covering basic-need expenses, you’ll have money to put toward discretionary spending.

Discretionary examples include travel, hobbies, luxuries, charitable giving and helping children/grandchildren. Other discretionary examples that may not immediately come to mind when thinking about retirement include relocating or downsizing—which includes real estate brokerage fees, moving costs, etc.

To meet your retirement goals, you’ll need to understand what you can afford and what, if any, trade-offs you need to make. This doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy your nice-to-haves; after all, that’s what retirement is about for most people. Rather, your budget for these items should include consideration of your must-haves and long-term retirement financial planning goals, cash-flow needs and return expectations.

How Fisher Investments Can Help

We have helped many investors throughout their retirement financial planning journey. There are many factors to consider, whether you are pre-retirement, planning to retire soon, or already a retiree. To learn more about Fisher Investments and how we can help you, no matter where you are in your retirement planning process, contact us today.

¹Source: FactSet, as of 02/18/2022. From 12/31/1925 to 12/31/2021, average annualized inflation was 2.90%, based on the US BLS Consumer Price Index.

²The Monte Carlo simulation is a non-linear statistical method that, based on random sampling of historical stock, bond and cash returns, allows for the assignment of probabilities to various outcomes. This informational analysis makes numerous assumptions, including but not limited to the use of S&P 500 Stock Index and/or US 10-Year Government Bond Index historical returns and Fisher Investments’ forecasted data for domestic equities, fixed income, cash and inflation to project the ending value in the future or cash-flow availability. All values are expressed in today’s dollars, as of 4/5/2022. Results account for the deduction of a 1.25% annual fee. The index(es) used in this analysis may not be the benchmark(s) selected for clients. No assurance can be given that these returns will be achieved. This analysis is for informational purposes only. It has been formulated with data provided to Fisher Investments and is assumed to be reliable. Fisher Investments makes no claim to its accuracy. Investing in securities involves the risk of loss. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns.

³The Monte Carlo simulation is a non-linear statistical method that, based on random sampling of historical stock, bond and cash returns, allows for the assignment of probabilities to various outcomes. This informational analysis makes numerous assumptions, including but not limited to the use of S&P 500 Stock Index and/or US 10-Year Government Bond Index historical returns and Fisher Investments’ forecasted data for domestic equities, fixed income, cash and inflation to project the ending value in the future or cash-flow availability. All values are expressed in today’s dollars, as of 4/5/2022. Results account for the deduction of a 1.25% annual fee. The index(es) used in this analysis may not be the benchmark(s) selected for clients. No assurance can be given that these returns will be achieved. This analysis is for informational purposes only. It has been formulated with data provided to Fisher Investments and is assumed to be reliable. Fisher Investments makes no claim to its accuracy. Investing in securities involves the risk of loss. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns.

⁴AAR: Annualized Average Returns.

⁵AAR: Annualized Average Returns.